---
title: "Peace Treaties: Rio Protocol (1942) and Brasilia Act (1998)"
id: "protocolo-rio-de-janeiro-acta-de-brasilia"
category: "campana-1941-y-soberania"
zone: "Aguas Verdes"
url: "https://www.mitumbes.com/en/campana-1941-y-soberania/protocolo-rio-de-janeiro-acta-de-brasilia/"
verified: false
source: "MiTumbes.com - Plataforma Turística Oficial de Tumbes"
---

# Peace Treaties: Rio Protocol (1942) and Brasilia Act (1998)

Diplomatic history of the 1942 Rio de Janeiro Protocol and the 1998 Brasilia Act establishing border peace and binational development.

## Datos Clave / Quick Facts
- **Zona:** Aguas Verdes

## Información Detallada
The boundary settlement of Tumbes represents the final diplomatic triumph of Peruvian sovereignty and the transition toward modern binational cooperation on the northern frontier.

Following the victory at Zarumilla, negotiations took place under the mediation of four guarantor nations (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and the United States). On January 29, 1942, the Protocol of Peace, Friendship, and Boundaries of Rio de Janeiro was signed, definitively establishing the Peruvian-Ecuadorian international border along the course of the Zarumilla River, the Capones Point ocean boundary, and the Matapalo stream.

While subsequent controversies arose in unmarked mountainous jungle sectors (leading to localized skirmishes in 1981 and 1995), the coastal and riverine boundary of Tumbes remained immutable. The definitive closure of all remaining border milestones was formalized on October 26, 1998, with the signing of the historic Brasilia Presidential Act by Presidents Alberto Fujimori of Peru and Jamil Mahuad of Ecuador.

The Brasilia agreement deactivated decades of military tension and inaugurated the Binational Plan for the Development of the Border Region (Plan Binacional). This framework catalyzed multimillion-dollar bilateral investments in the Tumbes-Zarumilla basin, financing integrated potable water systems, modern international bridges (Aguas Verdes - Huaquillas), shared environmental management of mangrove biospheres, and transboundary ecotourism, transforming Tumbes into a thriving symbol of Latin American peace and integration.

## Cita Oficial
MiTumbes. (2026). *Peace Treaties: Rio Protocol (1942) and Brasilia Act (1998)*. Guía Turística de Tumbes. https://www.mitumbes.com/en/campana-1941-y-soberania/protocolo-rio-de-janeiro-acta-de-brasilia/